11 files changed, 193 insertions, 107 deletions

diff --git a/cython/afc.pxi b/cython/afc.pxi
index 9200067..c33dbfd 100644
--- a/cython/afc.pxi
+++ b/cython/afc.pxi
@@ -154,11 +154,7 @@ cdef class AfcClient(BaseService):
     cdef afc_client_t _c_client
 
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, int port, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
-            afc_error_t err
-        err = afc_client_new(dev._c_dev, port, &(self._c_client))
-        self.handle_error(err)
+        self.handle_error(afc_client_new(device._c_dev, port, &(self._c_client)))
     
     def __dealloc__(self):
         cdef afc_error_t err
diff --git a/cython/file_relay.pxi b/cython/file_relay.pxi
index fd7b67e..beb429b 100644
--- a/cython/file_relay.pxi
+++ b/cython/file_relay.pxi
@@ -38,11 +38,7 @@ cdef class FileRelayClient(PropertyListService):
     cdef file_relay_client_t _c_client
 
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, int port, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
-            file_relay_error_t err
-        err = file_relay_client_new(dev._c_dev, port, &self._c_client)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+        self.handle_error(file_relay_client_new(device._c_dev, port, &self._c_client))
 
     def __dealloc__(self):
         cdef file_relay_error_t err
diff --git a/cython/imobiledevice.pyx b/cython/imobiledevice.pyx
index bde43d0..7898290 100644
--- a/cython/imobiledevice.pyx
+++ b/cython/imobiledevice.pyx
@@ -102,13 +102,16 @@ def event_unsubscribe():
 
 def get_device_list():
     cdef:
-        char** devices
+        char** devices = NULL
         int count
         list result
         bytes device
         iDeviceError err = iDeviceError(idevice_get_device_list(&devices, &count))
 
-    if err: raise err
+    if err:
+        if devices != NULL:
+            idevice_device_list_free(devices)
+        raise err
 
     result = []
     for i from 0 <= i < count:
@@ -131,15 +134,16 @@ cdef class iDeviceConnection(Base):
     cdef inline BaseError _error(self, int16_t ret):
         return iDeviceError(ret)
 
+cimport stdlib
+
 cdef class iDevice(Base):
-    def __cinit__(self, uuid=None, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            char* c_uuid = NULL
-            idevice_error_t err
-        if uuid is not None:
-            c_uuid = uuid
-        err = idevice_new(&self._c_dev, c_uuid)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+    def __cinit__(self, object uuid=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        cdef char* c_uuid = NULL
+        if isinstance(uuid, basestring):
+            c_uuid = <bytes>uuid
+        elif uuid is not None:
+            raise TypeError("iDevice's constructor takes a string or None as the uuid argument")
+        self.handle_error(idevice_new(&self._c_dev, c_uuid))
 
     def __dealloc__(self):
         if self._c_dev is not NULL:
@@ -151,10 +155,19 @@ cdef class iDevice(Base):
     cpdef iDeviceConnection connect(self, uint16_t port):
         cdef:
             idevice_error_t err
-            iDeviceConnection conn = iDeviceConnection.__new__(iDeviceConnection)
-        err = idevice_connect(self._c_dev, port, &conn._c_connection)
-        self.handle_error(err)
-        return conn
+            idevice_connection_t c_conn = NULL
+            iDeviceConnection conn
+        err = idevice_connect(self._c_dev, port, &c_conn)
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+
+            conn = iDeviceConnection.__new__(iDeviceConnection)
+            conn._c_connection = c_conn
+
+            return conn
+        except Exception, e:
+            if c_conn != NULL:
+                idevice_disconnect(c_conn)
 
     property uuid:
         def __get__(self):
@@ -162,8 +175,12 @@ cdef class iDevice(Base):
                 char* uuid
                 idevice_error_t err
             err = idevice_get_uuid(self._c_dev, &uuid)
-            self.handle_error(err)
-            return uuid
+            try:
+                self.handle_error(err)
+                return uuid
+            except Exception, e:
+                if uuid != NULL:
+                    stdlib.free(uuid)
     property handle:
         def __get__(self):
             cdef uint32_t handle
@@ -173,8 +190,6 @@ cdef class iDevice(Base):
 cdef extern from *:
     ctypedef char* const_char_ptr "const char*"
 
-cimport stdlib
-
 cdef class BaseService(Base):
     __service_name__ = None
 
@@ -189,13 +204,13 @@ cdef class PropertyListService(BaseService):
         err = self._receive(&c_node)
         try:
             self.handle_error(err)
+
+            return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
         except BaseError, e:
             if c_node != NULL:
                 plist.plist_free(c_node)
             raise
 
-        return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
-
     cdef inline int16_t _send(self, plist.plist_t node):
         raise NotImplementedError("send is not implemented")
 
diff --git a/cython/installation_proxy.pxi b/cython/installation_proxy.pxi
index cf6662f..3dfb0b1 100644
--- a/cython/installation_proxy.pxi
+++ b/cython/installation_proxy.pxi
@@ -64,71 +64,109 @@ cdef class InstallationProxyClient(PropertyListService):
             plist.Node options
             plist.plist_t c_options
             plist.plist_t c_result = NULL
+            bint free_options = False
             instproxy_error_t err
         if isinstance(client_options, plist.Dict):
             options = client_options
             c_options = options._c_node
         elif isinstance(client_options, dict):
             c_options = plist.native_to_plist_t(client_options)
+            free_options = True
         else:
             raise InstallationProxyError(INSTPROXY_E_INVALID_ARG)
         err = instproxy_browse(self._c_client, c_options, &c_result)
-        self.handle_error(err)
-        return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_result)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+            return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_result)
+        except Exception, e:
+            if c_result != NULL:
+                plist.plist_free(c_result)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            if free_options:
+                plist.plist_free(c_options)
 
     cpdef install(self, bytes pkg_path, object client_options, object callback=None):
         cdef:
             plist.Node options
             plist.plist_t c_options
+            bint free_options = False
             instproxy_error_t err
         if isinstance(client_options, plist.Dict):
             options = client_options
             c_options = options._c_node
         elif isinstance(client_options, dict):
             c_options = plist.native_to_plist_t(client_options)
+            free_options = True
         else:
             raise InstallationProxyError(INSTPROXY_E_INVALID_ARG)
         if callback is None:
-            err = instproxy_install(self._c_client, pkg_path, options._c_node, NULL, NULL)
+            err = instproxy_install(self._c_client, pkg_path, c_options, NULL, NULL)
         else:
-            err = instproxy_install(self._c_client, pkg_path, options._c_node, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+            err = instproxy_install(self._c_client, pkg_path, c_options, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+        except Exception, e:
+            raise
+        finally:
+            if free_options:
+                plist.plist_free(c_options)
 
     cpdef upgrade(self, bytes pkg_path, object client_options, object callback=None):
         cdef:
             plist.Node options
             plist.plist_t c_options
+            bint free_options = False
             instproxy_error_t err
         if isinstance(client_options, plist.Dict):
             options = client_options
             c_options = options._c_node
         elif isinstance(client_options, dict):
             c_options = plist.native_to_plist_t(client_options)
+            free_options = True
         else:
             raise InstallationProxyError(INSTPROXY_E_INVALID_ARG)
         if callback is None:
-            err = instproxy_upgrade(self._c_client, pkg_path, options._c_node, NULL, NULL)
+            err = instproxy_upgrade(self._c_client, pkg_path, c_options, NULL, NULL)
         else:
-            err = instproxy_upgrade(self._c_client, pkg_path, options._c_node, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+            err = instproxy_upgrade(self._c_client, pkg_path, c_options, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+        except Exception, e:
+            raise
+        finally:
+            if free_options:
+                plist.plist_free(c_options)
 
     cpdef uninstall(self, bytes appid, object client_options, object callback=None):
         cdef:
             plist.Node options
             plist.plist_t c_options
             instproxy_error_t err
+            bint free_options = False
         if isinstance(client_options, plist.Dict):
             options = client_options
             c_options = options._c_node
         elif isinstance(client_options, dict):
             c_options = plist.native_to_plist_t(client_options)
+            free_options = True
         else:
             raise InstallationProxyError(INSTPROXY_E_INVALID_ARG)
+
         if callback is None:
-            err = instproxy_uninstall(self._c_client, appid, options._c_node, NULL, NULL)
+            err = instproxy_uninstall(self._c_client, appid, c_options, NULL, NULL)
         else:
-            err = instproxy_uninstall(self._c_client, appid, options._c_node, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+            err = instproxy_uninstall(self._c_client, appid, c_options, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+        except Exception, e:
+            raise
+        finally:
+            if free_options:
+                plist.plist_free(c_options)
 
     cpdef plist.Node lookup_archives(self, object client_options):
         cdef:
@@ -136,70 +174,112 @@ cdef class InstallationProxyClient(PropertyListService):
             plist.plist_t c_options
             plist.plist_t c_node = NULL
             instproxy_error_t err
+            bint free_options = False
         if isinstance(client_options, plist.Dict):
             options = client_options
             c_options = options._c_node
         elif isinstance(client_options, dict):
             c_options = plist.native_to_plist_t(client_options)
+            free_options = True
         else:
             raise InstallationProxyError(INSTPROXY_E_INVALID_ARG)
-        err = instproxy_lookup_archives(self._c_client, options._c_node, &c_node)
-        self.handle_error(err)
-        return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
+
+        err = instproxy_lookup_archives(self._c_client, c_options, &c_node)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+            return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
+        except Exception, e:
+            if c_node != NULL:
+                plist.plist_free(c_node)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            if free_options:
+                plist.plist_free(c_options)
 
     cpdef archive(self, bytes appid, object client_options, object callback=None):
         cdef:
             plist.Node options
             plist.plist_t c_options
+            bint free_options = False
             instproxy_error_t err
         if isinstance(client_options, plist.Dict):
             options = client_options
             c_options = options._c_node
         elif isinstance(client_options, dict):
             c_options = plist.native_to_plist_t(client_options)
+            free_options = True
         else:
             raise InstallationProxyError(INSTPROXY_E_INVALID_ARG)
+
         if callback is None:
-            err = instproxy_archive(self._c_client, appid, options._c_node, NULL, NULL)
+            err = instproxy_archive(self._c_client, appid, c_options, NULL, NULL)
         else:
-            err = instproxy_archive(self._c_client, appid, options._c_node, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+            err = instproxy_archive(self._c_client, appid, c_options, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+        except Exception, e:
+            raise
+        finally:
+            if free_options:
+                plist.plist_free(c_options)
 
     cpdef restore(self, bytes appid, object client_options, object callback=None):
         cdef:
             plist.Node options
             plist.plist_t c_options
+            bint free_options = False
             instproxy_error_t err
         if isinstance(client_options, plist.Dict):
             options = client_options
             c_options = options._c_node
         elif isinstance(client_options, dict):
             c_options = plist.native_to_plist_t(client_options)
+            free_options = True
         else:
             raise InstallationProxyError(INSTPROXY_E_INVALID_ARG)
+
         if callback is None:
-            err = instproxy_restore(self._c_client, appid, options._c_node, NULL, NULL)
+            err = instproxy_restore(self._c_client, appid, c_options, NULL, NULL)
         else:
-            err = instproxy_restore(self._c_client, appid, options._c_node, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+            err = instproxy_restore(self._c_client, appid, c_options, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+        except Exception, e:
+            raise
+        finally:
+            if free_options:
+                plist.plist_free(c_options)
 
     cpdef remove_archive(self, bytes appid, object client_options, object callback=None):
         cdef:
             plist.Node options
             plist.plist_t c_options
+            bint free_options = False
             instproxy_error_t err
         if isinstance(client_options, plist.Dict):
             options = client_options
             c_options = options._c_node
         elif isinstance(client_options, dict):
             c_options = plist.native_to_plist_t(client_options)
+            free_options = True
         else:
             raise InstallationProxyError(INSTPROXY_E_INVALID_ARG)
+
         if callback is None:
-            err = instproxy_remove_archive(self._c_client, appid, options._c_node, NULL, NULL)
+            err = instproxy_remove_archive(self._c_client, appid, c_options, NULL, NULL)
         else:
-            err = instproxy_remove_archive(self._c_client, appid, options._c_node, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+            err = instproxy_remove_archive(self._c_client, appid, c_options, instproxy_notify_cb, <void*>callback)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+        except Exception, e:
+            raise
+        finally:
+            if free_options:
+                plist.plist_free(c_options)
 
     cdef inline BaseError _error(self, int16_t ret):
         return InstallationProxyError(ret)
diff --git a/cython/lockdown.pxi b/cython/lockdown.pxi
index be9d25f..a904d12 100644
--- a/cython/lockdown.pxi
+++ b/cython/lockdown.pxi
@@ -90,18 +90,17 @@ cdef class LockdownPairRecord:
 cdef class LockdownClient(PropertyListService):
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, bytes label="", bool handshake=True, *args, **kwargs):
         cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
             lockdownd_error_t err
             char* c_label = NULL
         if label:
             c_label = label
         if handshake:
-            err = lockdownd_client_new_with_handshake(dev._c_dev, &self._c_client, c_label)
+            err = lockdownd_client_new_with_handshake(device._c_dev, &self._c_client, c_label)
         else:
-            err = lockdownd_client_new(dev._c_dev, &self._c_client, c_label)
+            err = lockdownd_client_new(device._c_dev, &self._c_client, c_label)
         self.handle_error(err)
 
-        self.device = dev
+        self.device = device
 
     def __dealloc__(self):
         cdef lockdownd_error_t err
@@ -117,15 +116,15 @@ cdef class LockdownClient(PropertyListService):
         err = lockdownd_query_type(self._c_client, &c_type)
         try:
             self.handle_error(err)
+            result = c_type
+
+            return result
         except BaseError, e:
             raise
         finally:
             if c_type != NULL:
-                result = c_type
                 stdlib.free(c_type)
 
-        return result
-
     cpdef plist.Node get_value(self, bytes domain=None, bytes key=None):
         cdef:
             lockdownd_error_t err
@@ -136,16 +135,18 @@ cdef class LockdownClient(PropertyListService):
             c_domain = domain
         if key is not None:
             c_key = key
+
         err = lockdownd_get_value(self._c_client, c_domain, c_key, &c_node)
+
         try:
             self.handle_error(err)
+
+            return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
         except BaseError, e:
             if c_node != NULL:
                 plist.plist_free(c_node)
             raise
 
-        return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
-
     cpdef set_value(self, bytes domain, bytes key, object value):
         cdef plist.plist_t c_node = plist.native_to_plist_t(value)
         try:
@@ -175,11 +176,11 @@ cdef class LockdownClient(PropertyListService):
 
         try:
             self.handle_error(lockdownd_start_service(self._c_client, c_service_name, &port))
+            
+            return port
         except BaseError, e:
             raise
 
-        return port
-
     cpdef object get_service_client(self, object service_class):
         cdef:
             uint16_t port = 0
@@ -202,15 +203,15 @@ cdef class LockdownClient(PropertyListService):
         err = lockdownd_start_session(self._c_client, host_id, &c_session_id, &ssl_enabled)
         try:
             self.handle_error(err)
+
+            session_id = c_session_id
+            return (session_id, ssl_enabled)
         except BaseError, e:
             raise
         finally:
             if c_session_id != NULL:
-                session_id = c_session_id
                 stdlib.free(c_session_id)
 
-        return (session_id, ssl_enabled)
-
     cpdef stop_session(self, bytes session_id):
         self.handle_error(lockdownd_stop_session(self._c_client, session_id))
 
diff --git a/cython/mobile_image_mounter.pxi b/cython/mobile_image_mounter.pxi
index e70cff7..bf304d4 100644
--- a/cython/mobile_image_mounter.pxi
+++ b/cython/mobile_image_mounter.pxi
@@ -32,11 +32,7 @@ cdef class MobileImageMounterClient(PropertyListService):
     cdef mobile_image_mounter_client_t _c_client
 
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, int port, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
-            mobile_image_mounter_error_t err
-        err = mobile_image_mounter_new(dev._c_dev, port, &self._c_client)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+        self.handle_error(mobile_image_mounter_new(device._c_dev, port, &self._c_client))
     
     def __dealloc__(self):
         cdef mobile_image_mounter_error_t err
@@ -52,8 +48,14 @@ cdef class MobileImageMounterClient(PropertyListService):
             plist.plist_t c_node = NULL
             mobile_image_mounter_error_t err
         err = mobile_image_mounter_lookup_image(self._c_client, image_type, &c_node)
-        self.handle_error(err)
-        return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+
+            return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
+        except Exception, e:
+            if c_node != NULL:
+                plist.plist_free(c_node)
 
     cpdef plist.Node mount_image(self, bytes image_path, bytes image_signature, bytes image_type):
         cdef:
@@ -61,8 +63,14 @@ cdef class MobileImageMounterClient(PropertyListService):
             mobile_image_mounter_error_t err
         err = mobile_image_mounter_mount_image(self._c_client, image_path, image_signature, len(image_signature),
                                                image_type, &c_node)
-        self.handle_error(err)
-        return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
+
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+
+            return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
+        except Exception, e:
+            if c_node != NULL:
+                plist.plist_free(c_node)
 
     cpdef hangup(self):
         cdef mobile_image_mounter_error_t err
diff --git a/cython/mobilebackup.pxi b/cython/mobilebackup.pxi
index cb5276e..4f07683 100644
--- a/cython/mobilebackup.pxi
+++ b/cython/mobilebackup.pxi
@@ -33,11 +33,7 @@ cdef class MobileBackupClient(PropertyListService):
     cdef mobilebackup_client_t _c_client
 
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, int port, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
-            mobilebackup_error_t err
-        err = mobilebackup_client_new(dev._c_dev, port, &self._c_client)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+        self.handle_error(mobilebackup_client_new(device._c_dev, port, &self._c_client))
 
     def __dealloc__(self):
         cdef mobilebackup_error_t err
diff --git a/cython/mobilesync.pxi b/cython/mobilesync.pxi
index 1b36ba7..00b511f 100644
--- a/cython/mobilesync.pxi
+++ b/cython/mobilesync.pxi
@@ -33,11 +33,7 @@ cdef class MobileSyncClient(DeviceLinkService):
     cdef mobilesync_client_t _c_client
 
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, int port, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
-            mobilesync_error_t err
-        err = mobilesync_client_new(dev._c_dev, port, &(self._c_client))
-        self.handle_error(err)
+        self.handle_error(mobilesync_client_new(device._c_dev, port, &(self._c_client)))
     
     def __dealloc__(self):
         cdef mobilesync_error_t err
diff --git a/cython/notification_proxy.pxi b/cython/notification_proxy.pxi
index ccc30f8..07a72d9 100644
--- a/cython/notification_proxy.pxi
+++ b/cython/notification_proxy.pxi
@@ -89,11 +89,7 @@ cdef class NotificationProxyClient(PropertyListService):
     cdef np_client_t _c_client
 
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, int port, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
-            np_error_t err
-        err = np_client_new(dev._c_dev, port, &self._c_client)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+        self.handle_error(np_client_new(device._c_dev, port, &self._c_client))
 
     def __dealloc__(self):
         cdef np_error_t err
diff --git a/cython/sbservices.pxi b/cython/sbservices.pxi
index 55c94a5..4d09b71 100644
--- a/cython/sbservices.pxi
+++ b/cython/sbservices.pxi
@@ -30,14 +30,12 @@ cdef class SpringboardServicesClient(PropertyListService):
     cdef sbservices_client_t _c_client
 
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, int port, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
-        self.handle_error(sbservices_client_new(dev._c_dev, port, &self._c_client))
+        self.handle_error(sbservices_client_new(device._c_dev, port, &self._c_client))
     
     def __dealloc__(self):
         if self._c_client is not NULL:
-            err = SpringboardServicesError(sbservices_client_free(self._c_client))
-            if err: raise err
+            err = sbservices_client_free(self._c_client)
+            self.handle_error(err)
 
     cdef inline BaseError _error(self, int16_t ret):
         return SpringboardServicesError(ret)
@@ -50,11 +48,12 @@ cdef class SpringboardServicesClient(PropertyListService):
             err = sbservices_get_icon_state(self._c_client, &c_node)
             try:
                 self.handle_error(err)
+
+                return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
             except BaseError, e:
                 if c_node != NULL:
                     plist.plist_free(c_node)
                 raise
-            return plist.plist_t_to_node(c_node)
         def __set__(self, plist.Node newstate not None):
             self.handle_error(sbservices_set_icon_state(self._c_client, newstate._c_node))
 
@@ -66,7 +65,8 @@ cdef class SpringboardServicesClient(PropertyListService):
         err = sbservices_get_icon_pngdata(self._c_client, bundleId, &pngdata, &pngsize)
         try:
             self.handle_error(err)
+
+            return pngdata[:pngsize]
         except BaseError, e:
             stdlib.free(pngdata)
             raise
-        return pngdata[:pngsize]
diff --git a/cython/screenshotr.pxi b/cython/screenshotr.pxi
index d7dfc57..9213b64 100644
--- a/cython/screenshotr.pxi
+++ b/cython/screenshotr.pxi
@@ -32,11 +32,7 @@ cdef class ScreenshotrClient(DeviceLinkService):
     cdef screenshotr_client_t _c_client
 
     def __cinit__(self, iDevice device not None, int port, *args, **kwargs):
-        cdef:
-            iDevice dev = device
-            screenshotr_error_t err
-        err = screenshotr_client_new(dev._c_dev, port, &self._c_client)
-        self.handle_error(err)
+        self.handle_error(screenshotr_client_new(device._c_dev, port, &self._c_client))
 
     def __dealloc__(self):
         cdef screenshotr_error_t err
@@ -46,15 +42,21 @@ cdef class ScreenshotrClient(DeviceLinkService):
 
     cpdef bytes take_screenshot(self):
         cdef:
-            char* c_data
+            char* c_data = NULL
             uint64_t data_size
             bytes result
             screenshotr_error_t err
 
         err = screenshotr_take_screenshot(self._c_client, &c_data, &data_size)
-        self.handle_error(err)
-        result = c_data[:data_size]
-        return result
+        try:
+            self.handle_error(err)
+
+            result = c_data[:data_size]
+            return result
+        except Exception, e:
+            if c_data != NULL:
+                stdlib.free(c_data)
+            raise
 
     cdef inline BaseError _error(self, int16_t ret):
         return ScreenshotrError(ret)